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WAFs of A number of Main Distributors Bypassed With Generic Assault Methodology

By Eduard Kovacs on December 08, 2022

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Researchers at industrial and IoT cybersecurity agency Claroty have recognized a generic technique for bypassing the online utility firewalls (WAFs) of a number of main distributors.

Claroty’s researchers found the tactic following an evaluation of Cambium Networks’ wi-fi gadget administration platform. They found a SQL injection vulnerability that might be used to acquire delicate data, resembling session cookies, tokens, SSH keys and password hashes.

Exploitation of the flaw labored towards the on-premises model, however an try to use it towards the cloud model was blocked by the Amazon Internet Companies (AWS) WAF, which flagged the SQL injection payload as malicious.

Additional evaluation revealed that the WAF might be bypassed by abusing the JSON information sharing format. JSON syntax is supported by all main SQL engines and it’s enabled by default.

Claroty researchers used a JSON syntax to craft a brand new SQL injection payload that will bypass the WAF — as a result of the WAF didn’t perceive it — whereas nonetheless being legitimate for the database engine to parse. They achieved this by utilizing the JSON operator ‘@<’, which threw the WAF right into a loop and allowed the payload to go to the focused database.

After they verified the bypass technique towards the AWS WAF, the researchers checked if it might work towards firewalls from different distributors as nicely. They efficiently reproduced the bypass — with few or no adjustments to the payload — towards merchandise from Palo Alto Networks, Cloudflare, F5, and Imperva.

With a view to show the dangers related to this assault in the actual world, Claroty added help for the approach to the SQLMap open supply exploitation device.

“We found that the main distributors’ WAFs didn’t help JSON syntax of their SQL injection inspection course of, permitting us to prepend JSON syntax to a SQL assertion that blinded a WAF to the malicious code,” the safety agency defined.

In response to the analysis, the entire impacted distributors added JSON syntax help to their merchandise, however Claroty believes different WAFs might be impacted as nicely.

“Attackers utilizing this novel approach may entry a backend database and use further vulnerabilities and exploits to exfiltrate data through both direct entry to the server or over the cloud,” Claroty mentioned. “That is particularly necessary for OT and IoT platforms which have moved to cloud-based administration and monitoring techniques. WAFs provide a promise of further safety from the cloud; an attacker in a position to bypass these protections has expansive entry to techniques.”

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