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Google Improves Chrome Protections Towards Use-After-Free Bug Exploitation

By Ionut Arghire on September 14, 2022

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Google this week has shared extra info on not too long ago launched know-how meant to cut back the exploitability of use-after-free vulnerabilities within the Chrome browser.

A sort of reminiscence corruption bugs, use-after-free points happen when a program doesn’t clear the pointer after releasing reminiscence allocation. These flaws may result in arbitrary code execution, knowledge corruption, or denial of service.

Use-after-free vulnerabilities can also be mixed with different safety flaws, main to finish system compromise.

The exploitation of use-after-free points in Chrome can lead to a sandbox escape. For this to occur, nevertheless, the attacker wants to focus on both a bug within the underlying working system, or a flaw in a privileged a part of Chrome, such because the browser course of.

In accordance with Google, one strategy to scale back this assault floor is to attenuate the variety of working system interfaces accessible from inside the renderer course of sandbox.

For safety flaws within the browser course of, Google has launched MiraclePtr, which rewrites the codebase to make use of a sensible pointer sort known as ‘raw_ptr<T>’ to forestall the exploitation of use-after-free bugs.

The MiraclePtr implementation algorithm that Google has opted for is named BackupRefPtr. Primarily based on reference counting, it helps Chrome’s heap allocator, PartitionAlloc, which was designed to maintain reminiscence areas quarantined, until their reference rely is 0.

“Quarantined reminiscence is poisoned to additional scale back the chance that use-after-free accesses will lead to exploitable situations, and in hope that future accesses result in an easy-to-debug crash, turning these safety points into less-dangerous ones,” Google explains.

Google has already enabled BackupRefPtr for Home windows and Android in Chrome 102 and says it expects for MiraclePtr to guard roughly 50% of use-after-free points in opposition to exploitation.

“We are actually engaged on enabling BackupRefPtr within the community, utility and GPU processes, and for different platforms. Ultimately, our purpose is to allow BackupRefPtr on all platforms as a result of that ensures {that a} given pointer is protected for all customers of Chrome,” the web large says.

The corporate additionally notes that MiraclePtr comes with a reminiscence utilization improve of as much as 6.5% on Home windows and as much as 5% on Android. The quarantined reminiscence just isn’t a problem both, because it represents solely 0.01% of the browser course of utilization, however storing the reference rely might show problematic typically.

“Be aware that the first purpose of MiraclePtr is to forestall exploitation of use-after-free bugs. Though it wasn’t designed for diagnosability, it already helped us discover and repair a lot of bugs that had been beforehand undetected. We’ve got ongoing efforts to make MiraclePtr crash experiences much more informative and actionable,” Google concludes.

Associated: Google Patches Sixth Chrome Zero-Day of 2022

Associated: Chrome Bug Permits Webpages to Substitute Clipboard Contents

Associated: Google Engaged on Enhancing Reminiscence Security in Chrome

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