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Vietnam-Primarily based Ducktail Cybercrime Operation Evolving, Increasing

By Ionut Arghire on November 22, 2022

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The Ducktail info stealer has been up to date with new capabilities and the menace actors that use it have been increasing their operation, in keeping with WithSecure, previously often known as F-Safe Enterprise.

Initially detailed earlier this 12 months, Ducktail is a bit of malware particularly concentrating on Fb enterprise customers and is probably going operated by Vietnamese-speaking people. Ducktail’s operators have been energetic since no less than 2018, whereas the malware has been in use because the second half of 2021.

Financially motivated, the menace actor is concentrating on organizations working on Fb’s Enterprise/Advertisements platform to hijack their accounts. Earlier this 12 months, the Ducktail infostealer was being delivered by way of LinkedIn, however the operators have modified strategies, to evade detection.

Following public disclosure, the digital certificates used within the marketing campaign was revoked, which resulted within the attackers trying to make use of invalid certificates. After discovering that the efforts weren’t paying off, the attackers stopped the malware distribution in August, WithSecure says.

In September, nonetheless, the attackers resumed their exercise, utilizing a brand new malware variant compiled utilizing the .NET 7 NativeAOT function however based mostly on the identical code base as earlier than. The malware would fetch e-mail addresses from its command-and-control (C&C) server and was seen encrypting the info exfiltrated to the C&C.

In October, the attackers switched again to self-contained .NET Core three Home windows binaries that featured anti-analysis code copied from GitHub. The malware was seen launching a dummy file to cover its malicious intent, similar to a doc (.docx), spreadsheet (.xlsx), or video (.mp4).

WithSecure additionally recognized a number of multi-stage variants of Ducktail that will ship the primary info stealer as a closing payload. These embody an Excel add-in file (.xll) and a .NET downloader.

To evade detection, the menace actor has been signing the malware with EV (prolonged validation) certificates, and has been noticed altering these certificates after revocation, mid-campaign.

Whereas Telegram continues for use for C&C functions, the menace actor has related a number of administrator accounts to Telegram channels, which means that they may be working an associates program as a part of their enlargement efforts, WithSecure says.

Code signing certificates have been acquired by way of companies registered in Vietnam, with seven such corporations recognized up to now. The primary of those was registered in 2017, however it made the primary certificates buy solely in 2021.

Whereas investigating Ducktail incidents, WithSecure found that some victims had been focused with archive recordsdata by way of WhatsApp. When the sufferer lacked adequate permissions so as to add the attackers’ e-mail handle to the supposed Fb enterprise account, the adversary gathered sufficient info to impersonate the sufferer and obtain their goal by way of hands-on exercise.

“One among these hands-on incidents concerned a sufferer working solely throughout the Apple ecosystem that had not logged on to their Fb account from any Home windows machine. The preliminary vector for this incident has been left undetermined because of inadequate proof. The investigation discovered no signal of malware utilization or host compromise throughout consumer units,” WithSecure says.

The cybersecurity agency estimates that the monetary losses attributable to Ducktail vary between $100,000 and $600,000, relying on the sufferer.

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