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Microsoft Particulars Current macOS Gatekeeper Bypass Vulnerability

By Ionut Arghire on December 20, 2022

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Microsoft this week shared particulars on CVE-2022-42821, a Gatekeeper bypass vulnerability that Apple just lately addressed in macOS Ventura, Monterey, and Massive Sur.

Recognized in July 2022, the safety defect is described as a logic concern that may very well be exploited to bypass Gatekeeper checks, probably permitting risk actors to execute malicious code on susceptible programs.

“Gatekeeper bypasses akin to this may very well be leveraged as a vector for preliminary entry by malware and different threats and will assist enhance the success charge of malicious campaigns and assaults on macOS,” Microsoft says.

On macOS, information downloaded from the web are assigned the com.apple.quarantine prolonged attribute that’s used to implement safety insurance policies, together with Gatekeeper’s software execution restrictions or mitigations that stop a sandbox escape.

Customers are required to supply consent to launch a downloaded software that’s validly signed and notarized, or are knowledgeable that the applying can’t be executed, if the app is untrusted.

The com.apple.quarantine attribute incorporates details about the supply of the file and particulars on how Gatekeeper ought to deal with it, together with flags to implement restrictions if obligatory.

To permit for metadata to be transferred between working programs, Apple has launched a mechanism known as AppleDouble, which saves the metadata to a brand new file subsequent to the unique. When information are restored from an archive, macOS processes AppleDouble information and assigns the metadata accordingly.

Whereas analyzing the varied mechanisms that Apple has applied to increase the normal permission mannequin, Microsoft found that it was attainable to abuse Entry Management Lists (ACLs) to bypass Gatekeeper.

ACLs enable fine-grained permissions to information and directories, and Microsoft found that including very restrictive ACLs to information can “prohibit Safari (or some other program) from setting new prolonged attributes, together with the com.apple.quarantine attribute”.

Microsoft has created proof-of-concept (PoC) code – dubbed Achilles – that bypasses Gatekeeper by making a faux listing construction with an arbitrary icon and payload, and creating an AppleDouble file with restrictive ACL.

The code and the AppleDouble file may be positioned in an archive that may be hosted on the web, the tech large explains.

“We be aware that Apple’s Lockdown Mode, launched in macOS Ventura as an optionally available safety characteristic for high-risk customers that is likely to be personally focused by a classy cyberattack, is aimed to cease zero-click distant code execution exploits, and subsequently doesn’t defend in opposition to Achilles,” Microsoft says.

Apple addressed the vulnerability with the discharge of macOS Ventura 13 in October, and macOS Monterey 12.6.2 and macOS Massive Sur 11.7.2 in December.

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