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Digium Telephones Focused in Cybercrime Marketing campaign Aimed toward VoIP Methods

By Ionut Arghire on July 18, 2022

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Safety researchers with Palo Alto Networks have detailed a current marketing campaign focusing on the Elastix system in Digium telephones with an online shell that enables attackers to drop and execute further payloads.

Between December 2021 and March 2022, the researchers noticed greater than 500,000 malware samples focusing on the Elastix unified communications server software program, which relies on tasks reminiscent of Digium’s Asterisk, FreePBX, and extra.

Sponsored by Sangoma, which purchased Digium in 2018, Asterisk is an open supply framework for communication functions and VoIP telephones. It’s a extensively adopted implementation of a non-public department trade (PBX) that runs on numerous working methods, together with Linux, macOS, and Solaris.

In accordance with Palo Alto Networks, the noticed assaults possible tried to take advantage of CVE-2021-45461, a distant code execution vulnerability within the FreePBX open supply IP PBX software program.

In truth, the researchers observe that the assaults look like a continuation of the INJ3CTOR3 marketing campaign that was initially disclosed in November 2020. As a part of that operation, hackers believed to be situated in Gaza tried to make a revenue by hijacking VoIP methods and promoting entry to these methods.

As a part of the current assaults, the menace actors try to put in an online shell on the Elastix system in Digium telephones, to “exfiltrate information by downloading and executing further payloads,” Palo Alto Networks says.

The preliminary dropper is a shell script that drops an obfuscated PHP backdoor on the internet server, creates a number of root person accounts, and units a scheduled activity to make sure recurring re-infection of the system.

The PHP net shell – which is injected with a random junk string to evade signature-based defenses – options a number of layers of Base64 encoding and is protected by a hardcoded “MD5 authentication hash” mapped to the sufferer’s IP tackle.

The net shell accepts an admin parameter and helps arbitrary instructions, together with a sequence of built-in default instructions.

A second Base64-encoded payload is fetched to switch the .htaccess Apache net server configuration file, to set config.php because the default web page and to allow the “observe symbolic hyperlinks” habits.

“The technique of implanting net shells in susceptible servers shouldn’t be a brand new tactic for malicious actors. The one option to catch superior intrusions is a defense-in-depth technique. Solely by orchestrating a number of safety home equipment and functions in a single pane can defenders detect these assaults,” Palo Alto Networks concludes.

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